If you want to install Linux on a desktop, you'll first have to create a bootable USB drive with your distribution of choice.
  • Gormadt@lemmy.blahaj.zone
    1001·
    8 months ago

    Personally I use Ventoy

    Basically I can just throw a whole bunch of ISOs on a USB drive and when I boot it it brings me to a menu to pick which one I want to boot

    It’s freaking great

    I’ve got various windows ISOs and Linux distros just living on a 64GB flash drive

    • billwashere@lemmy.worldEnglish
      15·
      8 months ago

      Yeah totally go with Ventoy. I had an external device that basically did the same thing but it was a pain in the ass. Little screen and you pick an iso on the drive and it simulated a CD rom. Ventoy is so much simpler. My only complaint is there isn’t an installer that works on a Mac so I have to use Windows. But other than that it’s awesome.

    • CosmicTurtle0@lemmy.dbzer0.comEnglish
      8·
      8 months ago

      It must have gotten better than the last time I tried to use Ventoy. Maybe 5 years ago? It kept complaining that the USB drive I was using was bad when it worked completely fine with other tools.

      • Gormadt@lemmy.blahaj.zone
        5·
        8 months ago

        It has gotten a lot better over the years

        That was basically my first experience with it as well also about 5 years ago

        Nowadays it works like a dream come true for every OS I’ve thrown on the drive

      • governorkeagan@lemdro.idEnglish
        3·
        8 months ago

        I tried a couple of months ago on my Windows PC and something went wrong somewhere and my USB was stuck in a permanent read-only state.

        I definitely will give it another try though, it’s super handy to have.

        I’m an idiot and got Ventoy confused with another program I was testing at the time. Please ignore me.

        • Empricorn@feddit.nlEnglish
          3·
          8 months ago

          Was it VampBoy? I accidentally ordered one and opened the crate to find a sexy, undead Twink. ☹️ I wanted to nerd-out with Linux!!!

    • penquin@lemm.ee
      8·
      8 months ago

      Ventoy is great. It was a bit confusing when I first ran into it. It installed, but I didn’t know what happened. Lmao. I think I installed it like 10 times because it wasn’t telling me what it did, but then the light bulb went off. Aaaaaah. I was trying to install windows on a laptop and it was being a bitch on the USB stick, and Ventoy made it work.

    • Empricorn@feddit.nlEnglish
      2·
      8 months ago

      Huh, never tried it. It has persistent storage? Updates? Security?

      I’m currently using MX Linux for my Persistent, Live USB of choice, but apparently I need to check out Ventoy?

  • Snot Flickerman@lemmy.blahaj.zoneEnglish
    5614·
    8 months ago

    Any “How To” that doesn’t just use Rufus isn’t worth the page its text is rendered on. Rufus can do Linux boot disks, but is indispensable for Windows boot disk utilities. It’s one of the only ways I know of to make a Windows ToGo installation (equivalent of a Linux Live USB), which I used to install Windows on a friends SD card for their Steam Deck so they can dual-boot.

    https://rufus.ie/en/

    If you’re looking to make a Linux boot USB from Linux itself, BalenaEtcher is probably a better bet since Rufus is Windows-only.

    https://github.com/balena-io/etcher

    I’ve noticed there’s tons of how-to’s for making a bootable disk on Windows, hardly any for Linux. Perhaps we ought to remedy that?

    • Successful_Try543@feddit.de
      32·
      8 months ago

      For Linux you don’t need a GUI tool, most how tos just dd the ISO onto the USB medium, e.g.

      sudo dd if=<file> of=<device> bs=16M status=progress oflag=sync

      like described in the Debian FAQs

      • Snot Flickerman@lemmy.blahaj.zoneEnglish
        26·
        8 months ago

        Man, Google really does suck now. It feels nearly impossible to get something like a how-to deep in the Debian FAQs to come up, as it mostly surfaces this auto-generated SEO crap for How To’s.

        Very cool, I’d assumed there was a simple command line set of commands, just was failing to find it. Thanks.

        • s38b35M5@lemmy.worldEnglish
          15·
          8 months ago

          Man, Google really does suck now. It feels nearly impossible to get something like a how-to deep in the Debian FAQs to come up, as it mostly surfaces this auto-generated SEO crap

          By design. The longer you’re Googling, the more ads they can sell.

          …Ben Gomes – a long-tenured googler who helped define the company during its best years – lost a fight with Prabhakar Raghavan, a computer scientist turned manager whose tactic for increasing the number of search queries (and thus the number of ads the company could show to searchers) was to decrease the quality of search. That way, searchers would have to spend more time on Google before they found what they were looking for.

      • orsetto@lemmy.dbzer0.com
        9·
        8 months ago

        I don’t remember where, but i read that this method only works because linux distributors “abuse” the ISO format to allow this. If I remember right, it’s not possible to use this ISOs on regular disks

        Of course the command you provided is right and it’s what I use, it’s just a fun fact

        • Successful_Try543@feddit.de
          7·
          8 months ago

          Yes and no, it’s the other way round. The ISOs often are hybrid images which you can burn onto a CD/DVD or dd onto a USB pen drive. Until approximately 10-15 years ago, if I remember correctly, the distributed Linux ISOs where standard not hybrid images, thus you always needed some other program to create bootable USB media.

      • wildbus8979@sh.itjust.works
        5·
        8 months ago

        If you want to create fully custom boot images the command debootstick is pretty cool too!

        It’s essentially a wrapper for debootstrap that creates bootable images. It can create both live and installer images.

        qemu-debootstrap is also super useful if you want to customize and image for a different architecture (for example building custom RPi images).

        • Snot Flickerman@lemmy.blahaj.zoneEnglish
          3·
          8 months ago

          qrmu-debootstrap is also super useful if you want to customize and image for a different architecture (for example building custom RPi images).

          Super useful information, thanks!

          EDIT: Is this anything like the isorespinner.sh? I’ve previously used that to get Linux on an RCA Cambio W101 because it needed a fancy ISO since it has a 32-bit bootloader and a 64-bit CPU.

          • wildbus8979@sh.itjust.works
            3·
            8 months ago

            I believe the script you are talking about repackages an existing iso. Debootstick builds one from scratch by pulling all the necessary packages from the repository.

            For the underlying process of creating this image it uses debootstrap which is the standard Debian way of creating a full system installation (minus the whole bootloader and iso shenanigans). Debootstick allows most options from debootstrap (aka selecting a distro, release, mirror, extra packages, etc).

    • Pattyice@lemmy.ml
      9·
      8 months ago

      some distros have it built into it like Mint I was able to create a bookable drive of also mint

      • metaStatic@kbin.social
        21·
        8 months ago

        I think I destroyed a USB stick back in the day doing this shit. be careful they don’t lock the stick and if they do make sure you use the program to wipe the stick ASAP before you forget what program you used to make it.

        I have a ventoy stick for this exact reason, just copy iso to stick, no need to burn a new one every time.

    • d3Xt3r@lemmy.nzM
      8·
      8 months ago

      It’s one of the only ways I know of to make a Windows ToGo installation (equivalent of a Linux Live USB),

      You can also use WinToUSB for that btw. Yet another option is to install Windows to a VHD file (using a virtual machine, or using Disk2VHD to convert an existing install), then copy it to your USB, and make it bootable using Ventoy. The latter option is more useful, since with Ventoy you could have multiple other Linux ISOs (or other OS/rescue images) all on a single, portable drive.

      • Snot Flickerman@lemmy.blahaj.zoneEnglish
        3·
        8 months ago

        Yet another option is to install Windows to a VHD file (using a virtual machine, or using Disk2VHD to convert an existing install), then copy it to your USB, and make it bootable using Ventoy

        Neat, I saw Ventoy in here, but wasn’t entirely sure about it until you mentioned this. Initially, I assumed it was what it said on the tin but just for Linux ISOs. Very cool you can finagle a Windows live install on there as well.

    • BCsven@lemmy.ca
      2·
      8 months ago

      Gnome Disks Util. select mounted drive, go to top right and choose restore image

    • flyos@jlai.lu
      2·
      8 months ago

      I tried Windows ToGo on a few USB keys (including two high-speed ones), never managed to get something I could actually use that was not laggy AF, to the point it’s not usable (dozens of minutes to boot, lags of entire minutes and so on). Did I do something wrong?

    • Squizzy@lemmy.world
      1·
      8 months ago

      Just curious does anyone know why it is an Irish address? I dont see many in the space but I know there is a really active linux contributor in Ireland and I am wondering if rufus is his.

      • Khanzarate@lemmy.world
        1·
        8 months ago

        Rufus is Pete Batard, found it through his links on Rufus’s page.

        Dunno who you’re referring to specifically but you can cross reference now.

  • cygnus@lemmy.ca
    365·
    8 months ago

    Uh yeah OK, I doubt anyone in c/linux didn’t know how to do this already

    • Fidel_Cashflow@lemmy.ml
      21·
      8 months ago

      I will say, as someone who has been looking for a simple way to install Linux on my Windows desktop at home, this is incredibly useful. Doubly so as I’m not very experienced with installing OS’s and Linux can look very intimidating to an outsider looking in!

      • cygnus@lemmy.ca
        11·
        8 months ago

        I stand corrected then - welcome aboard! Linux is much easier to get into now than even just 5 years ago.

        • Bizzle@lemmy.worldEnglish
          2·
          8 months ago

          Ugh I switched to Arch full time 5 years ago and I had to walk to the servers uphill both ways in the snow. Kids today don’t know how good they have it.

            • Bizzle@lemmy.worldEnglish
              1·
              8 months ago

              I spent three days trying to get pulseaudio to work, 10 out of 10 can’t recommend enough

    • the_crotch@sh.itjust.works
      8·
      8 months ago

      And, more importantly, works on windows. I’d imagine windows users are the target audience for a “how to make a Linux USB” walkthrough.

    • Empathy [he/him]@beehaw.org
      2·
      8 months ago

      I kept seeing so many different ones recommended and I kept getting weird issues I didn’t understand with most of them. I don’t often need to make a bootable Linux USB, but every time, Rufus did the job quick and easy.

  • someonesmall@lemmy.ml
    222·
    8 months ago

    If you’re already on linux there is no need to install special tools. Simply copy the iso directly to the USB device.

    dd if=distribution.iso of=/dev/sdX bs=1M && sync

  • rotopenguin@infosec.pubEnglish
    9·
    8 months ago

    I would like to install a distro on a USB stick, without it doing something stupid to my internal drive’s EFI.

    • Anarchistcowboy@lemmy.world
      2·
      8 months ago

      I see people say this a lot and I have no experience with this but I wonder why you wouldn’t use a USB nvme SSD enclosure it seems a lot easier and idk if running it over USB would limit the speed but it could preform better than a USB stick.

      • rotopenguin@infosec.pubEnglish
        3·
        8 months ago

        A dumb little stick is fine for the occasional “fix something up” or “take a snapshot of a Windows drive because dd is objectively better than anything that Windows itself could do”. A live iso distro precludes me from adding a handful of other useful tools.

        Late breaking edit : What I ended up doing was formatting a stick as small EFI / 5GB btrfs / rest exfat. Chattr +c the btrfs, and debootstrap in there. Put rEFInd on the efi and tell its conf file about the stick (or maybe it’ll detect). Put non-free-firmware & stable-security into apt’s sources.list. In a chroot shell, apt get live-task-non-free-firmware-pc gdm3 systemd-timesyncd linux-image-amd64 locales gnome-terminal. Add other tools to suit taste. Fix up the fstab, make /tmp tmpfs, make the exfat mount nofail. With btrfs compression, I can have a gnome environment inside of 2.5GB. It would be even more smol if I could figure out booting directly into Weston.

        • Hule@lemmy.world
          1·
          8 months ago

          “persistent storage” is a thing.

          But USB drives can’t endure standard Linux for long. Too many logs and other files written all the time…

  • the_crotch@sh.itjust.works
    92·
    8 months ago

    Unetbootin huh? Something tells me people capable of running a Linux-only application know how to make a Linux installer USB.

  • boredsquirrel@slrpnk.net
    6·
    8 months ago

    No shit I think flashing ISOs is now fine that we have Impression, Fedora Media writer und the KDE Usb flash tool.

    But how the hell do you install Tails? May have to do that again, but last times it was never bootable.

  • azvasKvklenko@sh.itjust.worksEnglish
    61·
    8 months ago

    Unetbootin in 2024? Jeez, just use Belena Etcher for single ISO, or dd if you are already on Linux (it should work on Mac as well) or Ventoy for simply folder of your bootable isos

    • nous@programming.devEnglish
      4·
      8 months ago

      Not technically. unetbootin and some similar tools like rufus take the USB, partition it, and copy the contents of the disk to it after manually setting up a bootloader on it. This is not required for most Linux ISOs though where you can just cp or dd the image directly to the USB as they are already setup with all that on the image. But other ISOs, like I believe Windows ones have a filesystem on them that is not vfat so cannot be directly copied. Although these days for windows you just need to format the USB as vfat and copy the contents of the windows ISO (aka the files inside it, not the iso filesystem) to the filesystem.

      I tend to find unetbootin and rufus break more ISOs then they actually help with though. Personally I find ventoy is the better approach overall, just copy the ISO as a file to the USB filesystem (and you can copy multiple ones as well).

    • macniel@feddit.de
      15·
      8 months ago

      The only thing you would have achieved that was would be to copy an iso file onto your stick. EFI or Boot doesn’t know how to do anything with it.

      • Melmi@lemmy.blahaj.zoneEnglish
        51·
        8 months ago

        A lot of Linux ISOs are hybrid images which can be booted if flashed directly to a USB stick.

        • macniel@feddit.de
          13·
          8 months ago

          Op was just using cp to copy the iso onto the drive no flashing or anything…

              • Melmi@lemmy.blahaj.zoneEnglish
                4·
                8 months ago

                This works because block devices like /dev/sdX are just files. If you cp a file onto another file, it overwrites the data of the destination with the source. A block device represents the device itself, not the filesystem; if you wanted to put the ISO inside the filesystem, you’d have to mount it first.

                • macniel@feddit.de
                  1·
                  8 months ago

                  Next time I’ll test out another distro I’ll try just that… Sadly I just hopped yesterday from Fedora 40 to LMDE.

  • fin@sh.itjust.works
    315·
    8 months ago

    Some people need everything to have a GUI. They evaporate as soon as they’re required to open the terminal.

    • macniel@feddit.de
      11·
      8 months ago

      Isn’t it cool that you only need to use the terminal when you really need it? Simple tasks as flashing an usb stick shouldnt require knowledge of the terminal.

      • fin@sh.itjust.works
        29·
        8 months ago

        If you’re talking about me I didn’t say that I’m one of those. I love CLI and rather hate GUI.

        • theshatterstone54@feddit.uk
          10·
          8 months ago

          And that’s why It’s great to have choice. Also, if you start off in CLI, it can be quite overwhelming. The first time I had to partition my drive I was super scared not to mess it up. A few months later I knew exactly what I was doing… when I was using a graphical installer or Gparted. Earlier today, I partitioned my drive using cfdisk (fdisk feels kinda painful; press this, then this, and if, like me, you don’t know the commands by heart, it can take too long), and I installed Arch manually cuz I was bored. It was my first time doing a manual install with systemd-boot (always did grub in the past), so I didn’t realise I had to write my own boot entries for all 3 kernels (mainline, zen and lts), and because of font issues, I just switched back to Fedora (going up a version from 39 to 40 in the process) where I had an issue with a qt component that meant my sddm theme was not working. It isn’t the theme’s fault, that’s for sure, as it worked perfectly on Fedora 39 and elsewhere, and because pretty much all themes I could find relied on this qt module (it’s qtgraphicaleffects, packaged as qt5-qtgraphicaleffects on Fedora) , I got a bit angry and then sat down and rewrote the theme, removing any dependency on graphicaleffects (was only used for drop shadows in some popups), though for some reason some of the colours also got a bit funky but it works and it works well (I also had to hide one of the popups but it wasn’t an essential one).

          But I digress. Point is, if it’s more comfortable for you, you’ll use it. If it isn’t but you want it to be, then to ill force yourself to use and get better. If you don’t, you just won’t. That’s the power of choice in Linux.

          • fin@sh.itjust.works
            110·
            8 months ago

            For example, when you want to install desktop environments, you need to use CLI. There’s no GUI option. I guess that’s why Linux is considered “difficult” for Windows/MacOS users, while they can use Chromebook, which is also Linux.

            The point of original post is how zdnet is trying to let people use Linux, right?

            • macniel@feddit.de
              3·
              8 months ago

              No GUI option you say? Then why can I for example install Kde-full via mints app store? Or any Desktop meta package via Synaptic.

              Also ChromeOS Is as much Linux as Android is. Barely.

        • Sylvartas@lemmy.world
          4·
          8 months ago

          Good thing that the existence of a GUI for a program doesn’t prevent you from using its CLI version then !