The specifics can be argued, (and have been, and will be). The Buddha said that evil action is rooted in greed, hatred, and delusion. He said he understood this when he saw the true nature of reality.
Kant said "Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law." And says this is evident if you reason through things.
Moses had a great big list of rules that he said the creator of the universe told to him.
Governments establish laws based on the interests of those in power, they say to obey the law is right and to disobey is wrong and they will use violence to punish those that disobey.
These are just some examples, there are loads more including utilitarianism, virtue ethics, various other religions and customary systems.
The specifics can be argued, (and have been, and will be). The Buddha said that evil action is rooted in greed, hatred, and delusion. He said he understood this when he saw the true nature of reality.
Kant said "Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law." And says this is evident if you reason through things.
Moses had a great big list of rules that he said the creator of the universe told to him.
Governments establish laws based on the interests of those in power, they say to obey the law is right and to disobey is wrong and they will use violence to punish those that disobey.
These are just some examples, there are loads more including utilitarianism, virtue ethics, various other religions and customary systems.