Agreed that some people can find it easier with explicit names - however some people find it easier with short meaningless names as it makes them focus on the abstraction rather than the naming. There is no right or wrong here. It all depends on the reader.
I feel like all the points you raise could be replied by : if you do not like it, no one is forcing you into doing it.
It is my understanding that people do this for fun - to take the occasion to get into a new language and/or exercise their problem resolution skills.
Personally, although I love coding (it is a passion), after a whole day of coding I do not feel the energy to partake in a coding event. And during holidays I am busy doing other stuff. So I do not participate in the Advent of Code. But I am still glad that the event exists for people who enjoy it and have the time for it