It depends on the culture. Ancient Egypt had centuries of records by 1450 BCE which have survived until today. Other cultures writing on parchment that didn’t survive we know almost nothing about first hand.
So it’s a mixture of secondhand reports from people alive during the period those records may have existed, but who didn’t have good methodology for reporting history (so you need to take with a giant grain of salt) or primary records which survived, to extrapolating from archeology records.
For example, a few years ago in Tel Rehov an apiary was found active from the 10th-8th centuries BCE.
Until that find, scholars assumed “land of milk and honey” wasn’t referring to actual bee honey.
In that apiary was an altar to an unknown goddess where honey was burnt, and that altar had four ‘horns’ on the corners.
The style of a four horned altar is instructed to the Israelites in the Bible, but this altar was one of the earliest archeologically evidenced, Leviticus make explicit mention of banning burning honey as a sacrifice, and the apiary was destroyed and not rebuilt but the surrounding structures were not at that time, so it looks like it was explicitly targeted. Also, the bees themselves were shown through DNA analysis to have been imported from Anatolia.
So even without any primary written records, we can see that certain aspects of this imported tradition may have been syncretized into the pre-8th century Israelites, but that then there was a reform that resulted in opposition to it and its destruction.
Given the time period it was destroyed was around when Asa allegedly deposed his grandmother the Queen Mother and hired mercenaries to conquer the northern kingdoms reforming against goddess worship, we might even fathom a loose guess as to what events triggered that shift.
It’s certainly much easier when there’s detailed records like in Egypt though, where you even have papyrus records of legal proceedings, etc.
Other cultures writing on parchment that didn’t survive we know almost nothing about first hand.
When I was growing up, that was referred to as the “lost scrolls” which is where Jehovah Witnesses claim to get a lot of their info from. I don’t know if they do anymore as they have changed a lot of their teachings but they also use to mention that, because stuff that was written down long ago and translated over and over, they tried their best to get the most accurate translations for their bible - but the also cut a lot of stuff out. They claim other religions added versus to scriptures that were unnecessary.
I tried to do some digging once on the ones they removed and they seemed to be mostly related to angel sightings or angels talking to humans and apparently that didn’t happen as often other religions might say it did? But all I did was try to compare King James version of the bible to their JW bible.
It’s super interesting that for a long time we all just thought a phrase wasn’t meant to be literal like that but it really was about honey. That makes me wonder how much other stuff there is in religion where people thought there was some grand explanation when really, its probably just playing telephone with translations over thousands of years and not understanding things until actually digging into it more.
Are there any records of people talking to God? I feel like Egypt would be the place to look too as most of the bible I remember takes place in Egypt.
It depends on the culture. Ancient Egypt had centuries of records by 1450 BCE which have survived until today. Other cultures writing on parchment that didn’t survive we know almost nothing about first hand.
So it’s a mixture of secondhand reports from people alive during the period those records may have existed, but who didn’t have good methodology for reporting history (so you need to take with a giant grain of salt) or primary records which survived, to extrapolating from archeology records.
For example, a few years ago in Tel Rehov an apiary was found active from the 10th-8th centuries BCE.
Until that find, scholars assumed “land of milk and honey” wasn’t referring to actual bee honey.
In that apiary was an altar to an unknown goddess where honey was burnt, and that altar had four ‘horns’ on the corners.
The style of a four horned altar is instructed to the Israelites in the Bible, but this altar was one of the earliest archeologically evidenced, Leviticus make explicit mention of banning burning honey as a sacrifice, and the apiary was destroyed and not rebuilt but the surrounding structures were not at that time, so it looks like it was explicitly targeted. Also, the bees themselves were shown through DNA analysis to have been imported from Anatolia.
So even without any primary written records, we can see that certain aspects of this imported tradition may have been syncretized into the pre-8th century Israelites, but that then there was a reform that resulted in opposition to it and its destruction.
Given the time period it was destroyed was around when Asa allegedly deposed his grandmother the Queen Mother and hired mercenaries to conquer the northern kingdoms reforming against goddess worship, we might even fathom a loose guess as to what events triggered that shift.
It’s certainly much easier when there’s detailed records like in Egypt though, where you even have papyrus records of legal proceedings, etc.
When I was growing up, that was referred to as the “lost scrolls” which is where Jehovah Witnesses claim to get a lot of their info from. I don’t know if they do anymore as they have changed a lot of their teachings but they also use to mention that, because stuff that was written down long ago and translated over and over, they tried their best to get the most accurate translations for their bible - but the also cut a lot of stuff out. They claim other religions added versus to scriptures that were unnecessary.
I tried to do some digging once on the ones they removed and they seemed to be mostly related to angel sightings or angels talking to humans and apparently that didn’t happen as often other religions might say it did? But all I did was try to compare King James version of the bible to their JW bible.
It’s super interesting that for a long time we all just thought a phrase wasn’t meant to be literal like that but it really was about honey. That makes me wonder how much other stuff there is in religion where people thought there was some grand explanation when really, its probably just playing telephone with translations over thousands of years and not understanding things until actually digging into it more.
Are there any records of people talking to God? I feel like Egypt would be the place to look too as most of the bible I remember takes place in Egypt.